Ronald Dworkins Liberal Morality Essay -- essays research papers fc

Dworkin begins by roughly defining liberalism according to the New Deal: â€Å"It combined an emphasis on less inequality and greater economic stability with more abundant political and civil liberty for the groups campaigning for these goals.† Dworkin states that such a definition is inadequate and goes on to elaborate on liberalism in more depth. The liberal, in economic policies, demands that the inequalities of wealth be reduced through social programs such as â€Å"welfare and other redistribution financed by a progressive tax.† Liberals also take a Keynesian policy toward the governments stabilizing intervention in the economy, such as controlling inflation and unemployment. And liberals support freedom of speech, racial equality and are â€Å"suspicious of criminal law.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dworkin states that in a society, liberty and equality, the most important political ideals, often come into conflict with one another. â€Å"In these cases, good government consists in the best compromise between the competing ideals, but different politicians and citizens will make that compromise differently.† Liberals tend to favor equality more than liberty than conservatives do. But the former statement is a tricky one according to Dworkin because liberty, unlike equality, cannot be shown because we lack a concept of liberty that â€Å"is quantifiable in the way that a demonstration would require.† Because of this, it would be mistaken of us to state that conservatives favor liberty more t...

Use of Romanticism in Development of Characters in The Scarlet Letter E

Use of Romanticism in Development of Characters in The Scarlet Letter      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Hawthorne's revered novel The Scarlet Letter, the use of Romanticism plays an important role in the development of his characters. He effectively demonstrates individualism in Hester to further our understanding of the difficulties of living in the stern, joyless world of Puritan New England.   It is all gloom and doom.   If the sun ever shines, one could hardly notice.   The entire place seems to be shrouded in black.   The people of this society were stern, and repressed natural human impulses and emotions than any society before or since.   But for this reason specifically, emotions began bubbling and eventually boiled over, passions a novelist such as Hawthorne could seize at red heat and use for the basis of an effective novel. Hawthorne shows Hester's sheer determination to live in this society directly through her actions and relations to others, and indirectly through the presentation of herself and her child and through her internal emo tio nal struggle.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hester's adultery creates a feeling of dismay and hostility within the people of Boston.   They are not only shocked that she has done such a thing, but also because she won't reveal the name of the father of the child.   Although the usual penalty for adultery is death, the Puritan magistrates have decided to be merciful to her declaring that Hester's punishment will be to stand for several hours on the scaffold, in full view of everyone.   In this "powerful but painful story," (Chorley 184)   Hester realizes her sin, and acknowledges that she must pay the price for her crimes.   She might, Hawthorne tells us, have left the narrow-minded colony to start life all over... ...liffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1968. Gerber, John C. "Form and Content in The Scarlet Letter." The Scarlet Letter: An Authoritative Text, Backgrounds,and Sources Criticism. Eds. Sculley Bradley et al. New York: W. W. Norton, 1978. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. Ed. Brian Harding. Oxford: Oxford 1990. Loring, George B. "Hawthorne's Scarlet Letter" [1850]   The Scarlet Letter: Text,   Sources, Criticism. Kenneth S. Lynn. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc., 1961. Matthiessen, F. O. "Allegory and Symbolism." Twentieth Century Interpretations of The Scarlet Letter. Ed. John C. Gerber. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1968. Waggoner, Hyatt Howe. "Three Orders: Natural, Moral, Symbolic." The Scarlet Letter: An Authoritative Text, Backgrounds, and Sources Criticism. Eds. Sculley Bradley et al. New York: W. W. Norton, 1978. Use of Romanticism in Development of Characters in The Scarlet Letter E Use of Romanticism in Development of Characters in The Scarlet Letter      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Hawthorne's revered novel The Scarlet Letter, the use of Romanticism plays an important role in the development of his characters. He effectively demonstrates individualism in Hester to further our understanding of the difficulties of living in the stern, joyless world of Puritan New England.   It is all gloom and doom.   If the sun ever shines, one could hardly notice.   The entire place seems to be shrouded in black.   The people of this society were stern, and repressed natural human impulses and emotions than any society before or since.   But for this reason specifically, emotions began bubbling and eventually boiled over, passions a novelist such as Hawthorne could seize at red heat and use for the basis of an effective novel. Hawthorne shows Hester's sheer determination to live in this society directly through her actions and relations to others, and indirectly through the presentation of herself and her child and through her internal emo tio nal struggle.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hester's adultery creates a feeling of dismay and hostility within the people of Boston.   They are not only shocked that she has done such a thing, but also because she won't reveal the name of the father of the child.   Although the usual penalty for adultery is death, the Puritan magistrates have decided to be merciful to her declaring that Hester's punishment will be to stand for several hours on the scaffold, in full view of everyone.   In this "powerful but painful story," (Chorley 184)   Hester realizes her sin, and acknowledges that she must pay the price for her crimes.   She might, Hawthorne tells us, have left the narrow-minded colony to start life all over... ...liffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1968. Gerber, John C. "Form and Content in The Scarlet Letter." The Scarlet Letter: An Authoritative Text, Backgrounds,and Sources Criticism. Eds. Sculley Bradley et al. New York: W. W. Norton, 1978. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. Ed. Brian Harding. Oxford: Oxford 1990. Loring, George B. "Hawthorne's Scarlet Letter" [1850]   The Scarlet Letter: Text,   Sources, Criticism. Kenneth S. Lynn. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc., 1961. Matthiessen, F. O. "Allegory and Symbolism." Twentieth Century Interpretations of The Scarlet Letter. Ed. John C. Gerber. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1968. Waggoner, Hyatt Howe. "Three Orders: Natural, Moral, Symbolic." The Scarlet Letter: An Authoritative Text, Backgrounds, and Sources Criticism. Eds. Sculley Bradley et al. New York: W. W. Norton, 1978.

Self managed teams

A self-managed team is a group of employees that's responsible and accountable for all or most aspects of producing a product or delivering a service. Self-managing work team effectiveness Is defined as both high performance and employee quality of work life Traditional organizational structures assign tasks to employees depending on their specialist skills or the functional department within which they work. To get work done, many companies organize employees into self-managing teams that are basically left to run themselves with some guidance from an external leader.At Digital, Ayr, management had to learn to step back and let the groups reach their own declslons and In so doing time taken to actually management the organization was Increased. Although a lot of consideration was given to the transltlon it contributed to the success of the approach. Self-managed teams have greater ownership of the tasks they perform and the end product or service they deliver. Self-managed teams ten d to be less costly and more productive than employees working within a traditional hierarchical structure because the team performs both technical and management tasks.Team members may also flll In for each other to cover holidays and absences. Decisions made by self-managed teams are more effective because they're made by the people who know most about the job. A sector in Trinidad and Tobago where self-managed teams can be seen quite often is in the Public Service. Employees in various departments' namely human resources and finance are generally self-managed teams. Employees generally plan and schedule the workflow and manage annual leave and absence, in addition to minor technical tasks.Management and technical responslbllltles are typically rotated among the eam members as career advancement In the clerical stream usually allows for this. Although these teams may be seen as a cohesive self-managed team where there is a sense of trust and respect between team members, in the pu blic service you find overly cohesive teams which leads to â€Å"groupthink†: You usually find team members most if the times conforming with team norms than raise issues that may upset other team members. This leads to reduced effort or stifled innovation.Teams may struggle to make the transition from supervisor-led management to self-management, either ue to lack of Interpersonal skills or poor Implementation of the self-managed team concept within the service. The concept of using groups of cross-functional employees in modern business in the form of a team has been around in the United States for quite some time now. Self-directed teams have been used in Great Britain and Sweden since the 1950's. What both regions have realised or learnt is that particular attention must be placed on development of the teams. Development Is an Important component of self-management.That Includes tralnlng In decision- aking, problem solving, communication and team-building. Team-building e fforts and programs, which take time, energy, and patience, are an essential component of a successful self-managed team. As it relates to how they manage and carry out their tasks self-managed teams are autonomous, although they still require guidance from leaders within the organizational hierarchy. The essential challenge for any team Is to balance empowerment with accountablllty. It must report to that hierarchy Important to note is that using a self-managed team is no solution, nor should it be mbraced as a belief.

35 year old male rugby player Essay

Rugby players need to be very well built. They need to be a mesomorph build ideally. They are in-between the mesomorph and endomorph on the scale, but should be a lot closer to the mesomorph than an endomorph. This means rugby players need to have broad shoulders, a muscular body, strong forearms and thighs. They could also have some fat. In some ways a lot of fat is good because it is harder to be tackled, but in another way it isn’t very good because it is harder to run, and you get out of breath easier. Rugby is a contact sport and relies on aggression in some ways. To tackle someone in rugby you can take them out by their legs, jump on them, tug their clothes, just about anyway to get the ball really. This would suggest if a player is an introvert they would not enjoy rugby, because they would prefer to keep to themselves and avoid contact. A rugby player also cannot be afraid of the ball, or afraid of being tackled. They need to be quite brave. Also you need tom be able to communicate with your team. It is a team sport and needs the whole team to work together n order to be successful. If you are the type of person who cannot do this, you like to work and play on your own you would not be well suited as a rugby player. Rugby players also can get very badly injured. Especially in scrums or when you are tackled. There is a lot of violence involved in rugby and injuries can be nasty. You need to be very careful and use some of the rules to help prevent injuries as I’ve explained below. Injuries do happen and you need to take that risk What they need to work on/improve Rugby players need to improve certain things to maintain a high level of performance. These things could be: This means that any fitness levels gained will be reversed when you stop. To stop this from happening, you need to train every 2-3 days to keep your fitness level where it is. 16 year old gymnast Section 1-their needs, Gymnasts need to be extremely flexible and supple. They need to be in between a mesomorph build, and an ectomorph build. They would probably need to be slightly more mesomorph than ectomorph. This means gymnasts need to have muscle, but not too much and need to have very little body fat. A lot of muscle would be good in some ways because gymnastics is very demanding, and needs a lot of physical ability, especially for types of gymnastics such as the bars, although, gymnasts need to be very light and a lot of muscle could weigh them down considerably. Gymnastics contain a large variety of different skills, so gymnasts need to be skilled in lots of different areas. Although a lot of gymnasts do concentrate on a specific area. Gymnastics is mainly a solo sport, and this sort of sport is ideal for people who are shy, introverted, or people who just like being on your own, and like doing things your way without having to rely on other members of a team to support you. You can also get quite badly injured in gymnastics, although probably not as bad as you could in other sports like rugby. You need to be very confident in your ability and very confident in your area before attempting the exercise. What they need to work on/improve Gymnasts need to improve certain things to maintain a high level of performance. These things could be: General fitness. Gymnasts need a very high level of general fitness as well as a very high level of specific fitness.

Lying Essay

Consider thinking about the controversial issue on lying. People usually don’t particularly care about the little white lies, but lying is never a good solution in any situation, because whether it’s a small lie or a big lie, there is always some form of consequence to each and every fib. There are a few certain articles such as, â€Å"A Philosopher on Lying,† by Immanuel Kant who also believe lying should not be tolerated in any way. Just like in the article I mentioned earlier, â€Å"A Philosopher on Lying,† a German philosopher, Immanuel Kant, explains his point of view on lying. Every lie is dangerous; the size of the lie doesn’t matter. As Kant states in the article, â€Å"Don’t tell someone a lie, because then you are not treating the person with respect, as an individual.† If everyone would just imagine the person who they’re lying to, using that same lie towards themselves, they wouldn’t feel very good. If someone believes that the right thing to do is lie, no matter the situation, then everyone else should get the right to lie too. One lie leads to another in most cases, which turns into a huge mess of lies, and that could end up hurting everyone in the end. If someone lies to protect a friend or a family member, is it really being used in the proper situation? Well, it’s only going to hurt the person more in the end, rather than telling the truth in the beginning. If they attempt to keep in a big secret, especially from a close one, it may tear their relationship apart just knowing how long they kept that information from them. It would be much easier and highly worth it to just get the secret over with in the beginning. Keeping in a huge secret from someone has many bad side effects; however, people need to keep in mind that if that person kept something from them, they wouldn’t be happy either. According to an interview, â€Å"Brad Blanton: Honestly, Tell the Truth,† Blanton states that â€Å"Delivering the truth is easier, takes less time, and is less stressful.† Telling the truth sounds easier than it actually is; because action speaks louder than words. That is the main reason majority of people choose to lie. Many people disagree that every single small lie is a bad thing, because they don’t want to cause any pain or harm to the person they are fibbing to. According to the article, â€Å"It’s the Truth: Americans Conflicted about Lying,† Randy Cohen says that, â€Å"Not only is lying justified, it is sometimes a moral duty.† This basically states that people are only trying to protect loved ones from any serious harm. Lying is an issue that people have dealt with for as long as any living person could remember. It creates problems, and that’s pretty much it. I have never seen a lie that led someone to success and have it all work out in the end. Lying isn’t the right way to go, because someone will always suffer from some kind of consequence, big or small. It is much easier to tell the truth and get it over with, rather than keeping it away as a secret and end up spilling the truth out later. Fibbing is dangerous and always messes with peoples head, ending up in a line of regrets. If someone’s like me, lies almost never work out like how they’ll plan it in the end. Always tell the truth, because it gives respect, receives respect, and it’s definitely worth it in the end.

Pressure on Teens

Media’s Pressure on Teens Millions of boys and girls all over the U. S. get up every morning and step in front of their mirror to ask one question. The question crossing minds at that moment is â€Å"Does this look cool? † Oddly enough, to most teens in America, they are not meeting the standard set by their peers and the press. Teens base their styles, attitudes and ideas of what they see, hear and read which creates huge problems elsewhere. These problems can occur in the way teens treat others and the way they treat themselves. American teens and adults have yet to look past all the flashy clothing and make-up to understand what is actually being sold and how it can affect people in a terribly negative way. From my experience as a teen, I have seen my peers change to fit the latest fads and understand the weak points of teenagers. I have therefore concluded, the four strongest influences on teens from the media are the correlations from fashion and music to â€Å"self-identity†, showing teens how to think, talk, and feel, the selling of images not products, and body and physical issues. For most people, adolescence was a time of truth and realization or â€Å"finding yourself†. Well, it is good to know things have not changed, because young adults these days feel the same way. But for teens today, they only find out what and who the media wants them to be. The interests of teenagers are derived from music and television. If someone hears a band on the radio and people around them say the band is â€Å"sick† and â€Å" way cool† the person will believe it despite whether or not the music is trash. It all begins here. The links between music and finding your place at school or in a community are so incredibly strong teens base their outlook toward life and others on them. The connection between music and finding â€Å"who you are† is only the tip on the huge, esteem-eating, merciless iceberg of the media. Teens find ways to deal with life’s challenges by talking, thinking and feeling like the TV, music and modeling stars that they hear and see everyday. The shows and programs the majority of young adults watch are based on teenagers as well. Therefore, the viewers intentionally, or unintentionally, pick up habits their star has. For example, if a boy was suddenly introduced to the â€Å"wonderful and inspiring† music of the guitar thrashing band Metallica, he might begin to wear dark colors such as red and black that are often featured in the band’s music videos Most importantly, as it usually plays out, he would consider anyone who doesn’t listen to Metallica to be a brainless idiot with no taste in music. At this point in the youth’s life, prejudice and dislike of others based on style preferences rears its head and breaks loose from it confinements. Cliques are formed and members are selected and rejected. This leads to problems for those who are rejected and once again they feel they can never be as good as had been expected. Suppose someone was channel surfing and stumbled upon a car add. The model of car that is being sold is irrelevant, but what is going on around the car is what the company is trying to sell. The person who is watching believes the advertisement is for a product when in fact it is an image that is being sold. Confusing right? Explanations are close at hand. In the car add mentioned before (perhaps the car is a small Toyota Corolla) the colors are bright and vibrant; a young couple is sitting in the front seats of the car with their windows down, enjoying the fresh autumn air. Notice that when the voiceover is speaking of low APR financing until 2004, the young couple is smiling like there is no tomorrow. They glance each other lovingly as shadows whisk playfully over the windshield of the glittering car. This appeals to almost anyone, but for a girl who is looking for a cheap and comfortable car, this is the perfect sales pitch. Or perhaps the car is a Ford truck. Already the name sticks in the viewers mind but the video clips of buff men and rugged trips to the desert to rock climb convince them they need the truck. If the viewer can’t have the product, whether it be lip-gloss, a new car, a prom dress or even a new hairstyle, their self-esteem plummets. They begin to feel they are not capable of being so cool. One must keep in mind that the companies that are advertising are not selling a product, but an image that you will get when you go for this great, once-in-a-life-time offer. The last and most dangerous result of influence by the media is bulimia and anorexia nervosa. A simple stereotype must be cleared up before this essay goes any further. If a common businessman were asked about anorexia nervosa or bulimia, it is almost certain that he would say that it occurs only in women. What this common businessman doesn’t know, along with most of America’s public, is these diseases do occur in boys and men. When striving to meet that ideal weight to height ratio men will fast. They will continue to use that exercise plan they were been told was used by Arnold Schwarzenegger and eventually their body begins to feed of its own muscle because it has no nutrients. Once someone gets stuck in a routine of that sort they will have trouble quitting. For women, the cases are different but still maintain the idea of starving themselves to reach that slim and elegant look that so many stars and models seen in magazines have. For someone who has anorexia nervosa, every time they look in the mirror they see a huge and grotesque figure staring back. They are most certainly not over weight but their brain believes what it sees. Once again, people should be taught to look past all the fraud that is flashing in front of them and make good decisions based on reality. So next time an ad flashes onto the TV screen think of all the things really being sold and how to approach them correctly. To stand out in a crowd and be individual one must have a crowd and telling people they are idiots because they do not listen to Metallica is no way to attract a group. The diseases anorexia nervosa and bulimia are triggered by people wanting to be like those skinny, spindly women who strut around on cat walks showing off pieces of iridescent cloth draped about them. â€Å"Why? Why would someone want to be like that? one may ask, well, the truth is that these teenagers do not know who to follow or what to do. They see the media; they see companies telling them â€Å"This is hot! You need this to be cool! † and the viewers do not see what is happening to their own bodies, what is happening to others around them, what the consequences of their decision will be. If one fails to see behind the razzle and dazzle of the media they will be trapped in a cage of false faces and feelings; trapped in the mad â€Å"fun-house of fashion and fraud. †

Social Learning Theory Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social Learning Theory - Assignment Example This assignment discusses the Social Learning Theory developed by Berger, that primarily focuses upon that a child develops while observing the sequential patterns that go on around him/her. Thus, it is through modeling and repeating or doing things that are already done by others is an important way a child learns different behaviors and adopt certain attitudes. However, while observing and modeling, one feature that is in a continuous functioning state is the child’s own cognition. The cognition works in a way that if a child sees someone getting acknowledgement and rewards upon his behavior or deed, the child would him/herself like to receive the same kind of acknowledgement and appreciation from others. This desire leads the child to incorporate the same attitude in his daily practice so that he too can be socially recognized and accepted. Once the child gets success due to the modeled behavior, he learns to practice the same thing throughout his lifespan. The problem migh t occur when the child is not able to model the exact behavior to receive acknowledgement. In such a situation, he/she modifies the same behavior multiple times and in multiple ways as long as he might achieve success. In the same way, punishment and discouragement act as negative stimulators for the child not to adopt a certain behavior if someone else is punished on its basis. In conclusion, the researcher states that this further retains throughout the child’s lifetime shaping his personality in a particular direction.